The databases PubMed, PsychInfo, Eric and Google Scholar were used to identify randomized trials published within the past 12 years evaluating effects on adolescent substance use. Of the 653 identified in the first screening, 39 publications dealing with 13 programs were included. Results reveal desirable effects of parenting measures such as rule-setting, monitoring and parent-child communication. There was also some evidence in terms of preventing, curbing or reducing adolescent substance use. However, this appears to depend particularly on the age group of the adolescents in question, the kind of parents included and the intensity of the program. To conclude, the results of this systematic review underline the importance of including parents in programs aiming to impede initiation of substance use or curb or reduce already existing substance use in adolescence.
Therefore, you must develop the habit of listening with an open mind, without any judgments or preconceived notions. Talking about alcoholism, addiction, and drug dependence is neither easy nor comfortable. Often, adults have a tendency to try and sanitize the subject matter being discussed, especially when they are talking to children or adolescents.
A meta-analysis of smoking prevention programs after adjustment for errors in the unit of analysis.Health Education Quarterly, 23, 48-64. Flynn, B. S., Worden, J. K., Secker-Walker, R. H., Badger, G. J., & Geller, B. M. Cigarette smoking prevention effects of mass media and school interventions targeted to gender and age groups.
To some extent, the trends of the 1990s are a reaction against yuppie materialism and the “health and fitness” craze of the 1980s. “Each generation seems compelled to define itself stylistically and ideologically as the opposite of the previous generation.” (Polhemus, 1994, p. 50). In the 1990s, there have been signals of reaction against “health moralism” among adults too, with the substantial comebacks of cigars and martinis.
However, the objective view of this problem indicates the need to integrate intervention and prevention programs must be comprehensive to all aspects of the problem and work with all parties and everywhere. This article describes the results of a demonstration project which focused on exploring recruitment and retention of ethnic minority families to a parent training program aimed to prevent substance abuse among their children. The Parenting for Drug-Free Children project sought to deliver a curriculum to parents from several ethnic groups in an urban setting.
Parents who attended evening sessions had the lowest rates of tobacco use and reported spending the most time with their children. Parent-targeted drug preventions programs may stigmatize attending parents and may be unlikely to attract the highest risk families. Prevention efforts prior to 1970 were based on an information-deficit approach.
Monitoring indicators of disengagement will help researchers focus resources early in the intervention process in order to maximize parent attendance and increase the success of prevention programs. In the last two decades, several meta-analyses have been conducted, to integrate the results of individual studies statistically in order to obtain a better estimate of the real effects of prevention programmes than individual studies can do. In the most comprehensive and most recent meta-analysis it was found that drug prevention programmes have large and significant effects on the knowledge of students about drug abuse (Tobler et al., 2000). Interactive drug prevention programmes included in this meta-analysis were found to result in significant reductions in drug use , while non-interactive programmes do not.
Issues of budgetary support should not obscure the fact that the dominant costs of running prevention programs are not dollar costs—e.g., for purchasing program materials. Rather, the dominant cost is from the lost learning opportunity on the part of students, the result of diverting scarce class time from traditional academic subjects to drug prevention education. Unless the school year is lengthened to compensate for the time diverted to drug prevention programs, the principal social cost of prevention will be the displacement of the time that would have been spent on instruction in traditional subjects. The following description of Strengthening Families Program developed by Dr. Karol Kumpfer at the University of Utah is used to illustrate how these principles of effective family program can result in a highly effective program.
Included in this section is research on the gene/environment interaction studies found in new epigenetics studies with mice and children. Among the most widely disseminated and promoted curricula are the Drug Abuse Resistance Education curricula . Similarly, prevention programs based on the family and the community do not allow conclusions to be reached on their effectiveness, since only Scull et al. (family-based) found a reduction in alcohol consumption among children. Park et al. (community-based) found that the program improved alcohol-related knowledge and converted individuals’ positive expectations of alcohol to negative ones.
Fast Track is a comprehensive, long term prevention program for children entering kindergarten that continues through tenth grade. Intervention components change as children age and include components such as a teacher-led classroom curriculum, parent training groups, home visits, and child tutoring. One study showed that the Fast Track intervention reduced the likelihood of alcohol use and binge drinking as well as the probability automation clipart of individuals developing serious SUDs. This intervention has been rated effective by the National Institute of Justice and is listed in The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health as an evidence-based prevention program. On 6 December 2015 the Australian Government Department of Health launched the Positive Choices portal as part of its response to the findings from the National Ice Taskforce report.